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In 2025, adoption of cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) is higher than ever — and so are security threats. From exchange hacks to phishing scams, one simple rule remains constant: if you don’t control your private keys, you don’t truly own your crypto or NFTs.
That’s where hardware wallets come in. Unlike exchange or software wallets that are always connected to the internet, a hardware wallet keeps your private keys offline, isolated from malware, phishing, and online attacks.
Among the available options, Ledger has become one of the most trusted names in crypto and NFT security, offering devices like the Nano S Plus, Nano X, Flex, and Stax.
This article explores what hardware wallets are, how they work, why they’re crucial for digital asset protection, and how Ledger’s different models compare.
What is a hardware wallet?
A hardware wallet (also known as a cold wallet) is a physical device that stores your private keys offline.
It uses a Secure Element chip, the same technology found in credit cards and passports, to prevent anyone from extracting your keys — even if they have physical access to the device.
When you initiate a transaction, your hardware wallet:
Receives the unsigned transaction data from your computer or phone.
Displays the transaction details on its own secure screen.
Requires physical confirmation (by pressing a button or touching the screen) before signing.
This process ensures that even if your phone or computer is infected with malware, your crypto remains safe.
What is a private key and why it matters
Your private key is the cryptographic proof that allows you to access and move your crypto or NFTs.
It’s not stored on the blockchain — instead, it’s your key to the blockchain. If someone else gets it, they can move your funds.
That’s why keeping private keys offline is the safest way to store crypto, especially for long-term investors.
Hardware wallets vs. software and exchange wallets
In short, hardware wallets offer the best balance between usability and security. They remove online vulnerabilities while maintaining compatibility with DeFi and Web3 tools.
How a Ledger hardware wallet works
Ledger devices use a combination of hardware and software security layers:
Secure Element chip protects your private keys.
Ledger OS ensures only verified apps can run on the device.
Clear Signing displays every transaction on the device screen before approval.
This means you can visually verify every detail before confirming — preventing malicious tampering.
When setting up a Ledger wallet, you’ll:
Choose a PIN code.
Write down your 24-word recovery phrase (your seed phrase).
Connect it to Ledger Live to install crypto apps and manage your portfolio.
Your seed phrase is your ultimate backup — if your device is lost or damaged, you can recover your funds using it.
Understanding Ledger Live
Ledger Live is the companion app that connects your hardware wallet to the blockchain. It allows users to:
Manage more than 15,000 coins and tokens.
Buy, sell, and swap crypto securely through verified third parties.
Stake assets like ETH, SOL, and ATOM for rewards.
Track portfolio value in real-time.
Access selected Web3 dApps.
It is available for desktop (Windows, macOS, Linux) and mobile (iOS, Android).
Comparing Ledger hardware wallets (2025 edition)
Ledger currently offers four main hardware wallet models, designed for different user needs.
Here’s a quick breakdown of the main options:
Ledger Nano S Plus (79€)
A more affordable model, the Nano S Plus retains Ledger’s core security features and supports NFTs, though without Bluetooth. It’s a great entry point for newcomers to Web3 who want to experience cold storage without a high cost.
Ledger Nano X (149€)
Known for its Bluetooth support, the Nano X connects easily to smartphones and laptops. It stores over 100 apps for different cryptocurrencies and offers full compatibility with Ledger Live and third-party dApps. For users who manage both crypto and NFTs across multiple chains, it’s a versatile and travel-friendly choice.
Ledger Flex (249€)
The newest addition to the family, Ledger Flex introduces a flexible E Ink display and wireless charging, designed for ease of use and portability. It’s ideal for NFT enthusiasts who want to view their collections directly on the device, thanks to its integrated display and seamless connection with Ledger Live.
Ledger Stax (399€)
Developed in collaboration with iPod designer Tony Fadell, the Ledger Stax offers a curved E Ink touchscreen, Bluetooth connectivity, and a customizable display that lets users showcase their favorite NFT on the lock screen.It’s a premium option, balancing functionality and style for those who see their NFT collection as an extension of their digital identity.
Comparison table: Ledger Flex, Stax, Nano X, and Nano S Plus
Ledger Flex vs Ledger Stax: which premium model to choose?
Both Ledger Flex and Ledger Stax feature touchscreens, NFC, and top-tier security, but they target slightly different users:
Ledger Flex: portable and versatile, perfect for daily management and mobility.
Ledger Stax: sleek, larger screen, wireless charging — ideal for serious investors and collectors.
If you prioritize convenience and cost, choose Flex.If you value premium design and the best readability, Stax is the way to go.
Ledger Nano S Plus vs Ledger Nano X
For those starting out, both models offer great value:
Ledger Nano S Plus is the entry-level device — affordable and straightforward.
Ledger Nano X adds Bluetooth support, allowing mobile connectivity.
If you only manage assets via desktop, the S Plus is enough.If you want to pair your wallet with your smartphone, the Nano X provides extra flexibility.
Are hardware wallets worth it?
Yes — especially in 2025, when crypto and NFT thefts and phishing campaigns have become more sophisticated.
While software wallets are free, they expose you to online vulnerabilities.
For the cost of a single transaction fee or gas spike, a hardware wallet offers long-term peace of mind.
Think of it as a vault for your digital assets — an essential tool for anyone serious about crypto self-custody.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Is a Ledger wallet a cold wallet?Yes. Ledger wallets are cold wallets, meaning they operate offline and store your private keys securely in hardware.
Can a hardware wallet be hacked?Not through the internet. The only risks come from user error, such as revealing your seed phrase or buying from an unverified source.
What happens if my Ledger wallet breaks or gets lost?You can recover your assets on a new Ledger (or compatible wallet) using your 24-word recovery phrase.
Is Ledger better than software wallets like MetaMask?For long-term storage and large holdings, yes. Software wallets are great for daily DeFi use, but hardware wallets offer unmatched security.
Which Ledger model is best for beginners?The Ledger Nano S Plus is the best starting point — affordable, secure, and easy to use.
Final thoughts
Crypto is built on the idea of self-custody — owning and controlling your assets directly.
Hardware wallets like those made by Ledger make that vision possible by keeping your keys offline and your funds secure.
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